המשולמים - Revision history

פטר חמור: /* Chokhmei Umoth Haolam */

2025-01-30T12:43:03Z

‎Chokhmei Umoth Haolam

פטר חמור at 12:08, 30 January 2025

2025-01-30T12:08:18Z

פטר חמור at 10:02, 17 January 2025

2025-01-17T10:02:23Z

פטר חמור at 10:01, 17 January 2025

2025-01-17T10:01:23Z

פטר חמור at 09:41, 17 January 2025

2025-01-17T09:41:15Z

פטר חמור: /* Apostates aka Nachrim */

2025-01-17T00:52:35Z

‎Apostates aka Nachrim

פטר חמור: /* Apostates aka Nachrim */

2025-01-17T00:51:44Z

‎Apostates aka Nachrim

פטר חמור: /* Apostates aka Nachrim */

2025-01-17T00:50:21Z

‎Apostates aka Nachrim

פטר חמור at 00:35, 17 January 2025

2025-01-17T00:35:19Z

פטר חמור at 00:34, 17 January 2025

2025-01-17T00:34:32Z

Show changes

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 ===Chokhmei Umoth Haolam===
-The next category is the gentile who fulfills his obligations as an ethical monotheist. This person is generally called a Ben Noach (or Noachide) meaning a proud descendant of the biblical Noah. In Hebrew tradition Noah and his sons were commanded to fulfill seven commandments which amount to ethical monotheism [see Aaron Lichtenstein, The Seven Laws of Noah]. Those gentiles who observe these commandments are considered wise gentiles. They are, however, not Hebrews and are not considered part of Hebrew society. They are wise people and recognized for their accomplishments. However, they remain part of the human brotherhood but not part of Hebrew society. Despite their Hebrew ancestry, most (but importantly again not all) Muslims fall into this category.
+The next category is the gentile who fulfills his obligations as an ethical monotheist. This person is generally called a Ben Noach (or Noachide) meaning a decent descendant of the biblical Noah. In Hebrew tradition Noah and his sons were commanded to fulfill seven commandments which amount to ethical monotheism [see Aaron Lichtenstein, The Seven Laws of Noah]. Those gentiles who observe these commandments are considered Wise Gentiles or Righteous Gentiles (Virtuous Pagans aka Nachrei Tzadikim). They are, however, not Hebrews and are not considered part of Hebrew society. They are wise people and recognized for their accomplishments. They are recognised as part of the human brotherhood but have no part in Hebrew society. Despite their Hebrew ancestry, many (but importantly again not all) Muslims fall into this category due to inconsistent interpretations of Imaan.
 '''Chochmei Umos HaOlam''' ('''חוכמי אומות העולם''' generally translated as "[[Mages]]" or "Wise of the Nations") is the Maimonidian term for the former type of Noahide as taken from the Laws of Kings 8:11. It refers to "Noahites" who therefore do not believe in Judaism. Chokhmei Umoth HaOlam are [[Hagarim]] who have ''not'' taken the [[Oath Brith]], nor [[Tevilah]] even if they sent offerings to the Jewish Temple as Augustus Caesar did for example. The terms simply indicate non-Jews who have taken upon themselves the observance of [[Noahide Law]] for their own rational reasons.  Maimonides seems to imply that ''Chochmei Umos HaOlam'' do not have a portion in the world to come, although he doesn't actually say that. The implication therefore is that they will be judged according to their merits.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:08, 30 January 2025
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−	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers ~~also known~~ as Meshulamim and Salmai (Virtuous Pagans or Righteous Gentiles sometimes impolitely referred to as Nachrei Tzadikim) who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.	+	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers. Depending on their attitude towards the revelation of HaShem at Mount Sinai, they could be consodered Believers and Toshavim or simply as Meshulamim and Salmai ([[Virtuous Pagans]] or [[Righteous Gentiles]] sometimes impolitely referred to as [[Nachrei Tzadikim]]) who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.

	There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.		There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 17 January 2025
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−	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai (Virtuous Pagans or Righteous Gentiles) who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.	+	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai (Virtuous Pagans or Righteous Gentiles sometimes impolitely referred to as Nachrei Tzadikim) who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.

	There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.		There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:01, 17 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.	+	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai (Virtuous Pagans or Righteous Gentiles) who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.

	There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.		There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.

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 There are those who go beyond the initial rational step of basic civilization and approach an Hebrew court and, in exchange for entering Hebrew society, they vow to observe their commandments and be ethical monotheists. Such a person is called a Ger Toshav in the Bible. The Many (but not all) Anabaptists fall into this category.
-By pledging that he will fulfill his obligation to be an ethical monotheist he enters Hebrew society. He is not a full convert and does not become a Jew. In fact, he can worship in any monotheistic religion he chooses, as long as he accepts the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob's revelation at Mount Sinai. He is a pious gentile and is gladly received into the Hebrew community. He is welcome to live in Hebrew neighborhoods (should he so choose), is supported by Hebrew charities (if he so needs), and is considered part of the fabric of Hebrew society in many ways [see Talmud Pesachim 21b; Talmud Avodah Zarah 65b; Nachmanides, Additions to Book of Commandments, 16; Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Zechi'ah Umattanah 3:11, Hilchot Melachim 10:12; Ra'avad of Posquieres, Comments to Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Issurei Biah 14:8].
+By pledging that he will fulfill his obligation to be an ethical monotheist he enters Hebrew society. He is not a full convert and does not become a Jew. In fact, he can worship in any monotheistic religion he chooses, as long as he accepts the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob's revelation at Mount Sinai. He is a righteous nachri and is gladly received into the Hebrew community. He is welcome to live in Hebrew neighborhoods (should he so choose), is supported by Hebrew charities (if he so needs), and is considered part of the fabric of Hebrew society in many ways [see Talmud Pesachim 21b; Talmud Avodah Zarah 65b; Nachmanides, Additions to Book of Commandments, 16; Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Zechi'ah Umattanah 3:11, Hilchot Melachim 10:12; Ra'avad of Posquieres, Comments to Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Issurei Biah 14:8].
-The term Ben Noach is usually used to refer to the unofficial Ger Toshav as pious gentiles. However, the Ben Noach has not officially entered Jewish society and perhaps does not wish to and therefore, he is treated like a stranger. He is respected as a pious human being, one who is fulfilling his divine purpose in the world. However, he is not part of the Jewish community.
+The term Ben Noach is usually used to refer to the unofficial Ger Toshav as righteous nachrim. However, the Ben Noach has not officially entered Jewish society and perhaps does not wish to and therefore, he is treated like a stranger. He is respected as a righteous human being, one who is fulfilling his divine purpose in the world. However, he is not part of the Jewish community.
 It is of these two categories of gentiles that the Talmudic literature states: Midrash Bamidbar Rabbah 8:2

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 ===Apostates aka [[Nachrim]]===
-The lowest category is of the gentile who is not an ethical monotheist. He is violating the covenant G-d made with Noah and his descendants and will be punished for those sins. It is with these people that Judaism has a very ambivalent attitude. As apostates from HaShem's Universal covenant with mankind, they are associated with Edom from whom descended Caleb. Nominal Christians come under this category. Like Caleb, there is hope for them even though most are lost.
+The lowest category is of the gentile who is not an ethical monotheist. He is violating the covenant G-d made with Noah and his descendants and will be punished for those sins. It is with these people that Judaism has a very ambivalent attitude. As apostates from HaShem's Universal covenant with mankind, they are associated with Edom from whom descended Caleb. Pseudo Christians come under this category. Like Caleb, there is hope for them even though most are lost.
 On the one hand, they are acting contrary to G-d’s purpose in the world. For this reason, Judaism tries to distance Jews from them. On the other hand, they are people created in G-d’s image and must be respected as such. The compromise is that their positive traits, examples of which we will shortly see, are recognized and respected. However, their negative traits are never fully forgotten and full societal integration with such people is discouraged. Talmud Semachot 1:8

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 Rabbi Yehudah said: [The euology of a gentile is] Alas! The good, alas! The faithful who eats the fruit of his own labor. [The sages] said to him: What then did you leave for the worthy? He replied: If he [the gentile] was worthy why should he not be lamented in this manner. Professor Saul Lieberman, Greek in Jewish Palestine, p. 77
-The virtues enumerated in this eulogy are purely secular; there is no trace of religion in them. The man was good, faithful and enjoyed the fruits of his labor. The Gentiles spoken of is a heathen; he is neither a semi-proselyte nor a (true) Christian; no mention is made of his fear of G-d… The Rabbis understood the heathen society and credited it with the virtues it was not devoid of. Talmud Avot 4:3 [Ben Azzai] would say: Do not regard anyone with contempt, and do not reject anything, for there is no man who does not have his hour and nothing that does not have its place. Talmud Avot 3:10
+The virtues enumerated in this eulogy are purely secular; there is no trace of religion in them. The man was good, faithful and enjoyed the fruits of his labor. The Gentiles spoken of is a heathen; he is neither a semi-proselyte nor a (real) Christian; no mention is made of his fear of G-d… The Rabbis understood the heathen society and credited it with the virtues it was not devoid of. Talmud Avot 4:3 [Ben Azzai] would say: Do not regard anyone with contempt, and do not reject anything, for there is no man who does not have his hour and nothing that does not have its place. Talmud Avot 3:10
 ===Chokhmei Umoth Haolam===

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:35, 17 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[Deluge ~~(mythology)~~\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.	+	"Noahites" or "Noachites" also known as "Noahides" is he modern Judeo-English term for the biblical '''Gerim''' or Godfearers also known as Meshulamim and Salmai who according to the Scribes and the Pharisees, uphold the Noahide Laws or covenant which applies to all humanity because of mankind's ''spiritual'' descent from one paternal ancestor who in Hebrew tradition is called [[Noah]] (the head of the only family to survive during [[The Deluge\|Sumeria's Catastrophic Deluge]]). Hence in the Oral Torah, בני נח ''[[B'nei Noah]]'' ([[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], "Descendants of Noah", "Children of Noah") is a term which refers to all the civilized people of mankind.

	There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.		There are various kinds of Noahide. Some Noahides uphold the 7 principles of civilization for natural and rational reasons. Hence [[John Locke]] called the Noahide covenant "natural law". Another kind of Noahide upholds them because of faith in the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob as revealed at Mount Sinai in the 15th century BC.